Delhi and surrounding regions experienced a sharp deterioration in air quality following Diwali celebrations, with particulate matter levels reaching hazardous concentrations that pose significant health risks.
AQI Metrics
• Delhi’s Air Quality Index registered 345 at 5:30 AM Wednesday, classified as ‘very poor’
• IQAir reported New Delhi’s AQI surged to 442 immediately after Diwali
• Multiple monitoring stations recorded PM2.5 levels 59 times higher than WHO’s annual guideline
• Dense smog contains fine particulates (PM2.5 and PM10) that penetrate deep into respiratory systems
Health Impact
Dr. Shivanshu Raj Goyal, Associate Director & Unit Head – Pulmonology, Respiratory & Sleep Medicine at Max Super Speciality Hospital, Dwarka, explained: “As Delhi’s AQI rises again and falls under ‘very poor’ level, there could be significant rise in respiratory conditions, especially after Diwali. The dense smog, which contains fine particulates or dust particles (PM2.5 and PM10), irritates the airways and decreases lung function, which can lead to asthma flare ups, bronchitis, allergic rhinitis, throat infections and exacerbation of symptoms in those who have existing lung diseases.”
High-Risk Groups
• Children and older adults
• Individuals with asthma, COPD, or heart conditions
• Pregnant women
• People spending extended time outdoors
• Those with pre-existing allergies, long Covid, or family history of allergies
When to Seek Medical Attention
Dr. Goyal advises consulting a doctor if experiencing:
• Persistent coughing or wheezing
• Shortness of breath at rest with chest tightness
• Breathing difficulty interfering with daily activities
• Low oxygen signs (blue lips or fingertips)
• Fever with yellow sputum indicating possible pneumonia
Preventive Measures
• Monitor daily AQI and limit outdoor activities during high pollution periods
• Wear N95 or higher-grade masks outdoors
• Use HEPA filter air purifiers indoors
• Avoid smoke-generating indoor activities
• Stay hydrated throughout the day
• Consume antioxidant-rich foods
• Practice breathing exercises like pranayama
• Continue prescribed medications for respiratory conditions
Home Remedies
• Gargle with lukewarm salt water
• Steam inhalation
• Saline nasal sprays
• Warm herbal teas and soups
• Use humidifiers
Healthcare professionals recommend prompt consultation if symptoms develop or worsen during elevated pollution periods.
