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Russia and Myanmar Leaders Meet Ajit Doval at Major Moscow Security Gathering

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Doval
Doval

Ajit Doval held multiple bilateral meetings in Moscow while attending the first International Security Forum and the 14th Meeting of High Representatives for Security Matters.

The international gathering was hosted by Sergei Shoigu and focused on emerging global security challenges and threats in an increasingly multipolar world order.

During his visit on May 28, Doval met Denis Manturov, where discussions centered around expanding cooperation between India and Russia in sectors such as defense, energy, and space. As part of the engagement, the Russian side also arranged a visit to the National Space Center and the Joint Industry Information Center of Roscosmos.

On the sidelines of the forum, Doval also held talks with Tin Aung San of Myanmar. The two sides reviewed cooperation in defense, security, and connectivity while also exchanging views on regional developments.

The discussions reflected India’s continued outreach towards Myanmar under its Neighborhood First policy. Myanmar’s NSA is also expected to visit India in July for the fifth NSA-level meeting of the BIMSTEC grouping.

During the forum, Doval stressed that there should be no “double standards” in tackling terrorism. He said responsible nations must clearly decide whether they stand against terrorism or continue supporting those who sponsor it.

Doval also met his Russian counterpart Sergei Shoigu separately, with both sides reviewing ongoing cooperation across several sectors. They additionally discussed preparations for the upcoming BRICS NSA meeting scheduled to be held in New Delhi.

Speaking on broader geopolitical issues, Doval highlighted the importance of ensuring uninterrupted trade movement through strategic maritime routes, including the Strait of Hormuz and the Red Sea, amid continuing tensions in West Asia.

Why Did Indian Markets Suddenly Collapse in Closing Hours? Sensex Nifty Fall Explained

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Sensex
Sensex

Indian equity markets ended Friday with steep losses as benchmark indices tumbled sharply in the final hour of trading amid rising nervousness over the possibility of prolonged tensions between the United States and Iran, the latest MSCI index reshuffle, and concerns surrounding high crude oil prices.

The BSE Sensex closed 1,092.06 points lower at 74,775.74, down 1.44 percent, while the Nifty 50 dropped 359.40 points or 1.5 percent to settle at 23,547.75.

Selling pressure accelerated late in the session, with the Sensex retreating nearly 1,450 points from its intraday peak of 76,220.02. The Nifty also slipped sharply after touching an intraday high of 24,002.8 earlier in the day.

Market breadth remained firmly negative on the BSE, where declining shares significantly outnumbered advancing stocks.

Geopolitical uncertainty weighs on sentiment

A major factor behind the market decline was uncertainty surrounding prospects of a durable peace agreement between the United States and Iran. After staging a strong recovery in April following March’s steep correction, investors appeared to book profits amid fears that geopolitical tensions in West Asia could continue.

“We are unlikely to see a consistent rise in Indian stocks unless the uncertainty over the US-Iran conflict is clearly behind us,” Arun Malhotra, founder and fund manager at CapGrow Capital, told Reuters.

Markets had already witnessed strong volatility in recent months, with the Nifty plunging 11.3 percent in March before recovering 7.5 percent in April.

MSCI reshuffle intensifies late market volatility

The final stretch of trading saw further pressure after the implementation of MSCI’s May index rebalancing exercise.

Passive investment funds linked to MSCI indices typically realign portfolios at market close on rebalancing days, often leading to sharp swings in heavily weighted stocks.

According to IIFL Capital, India’s weighting in the MSCI Emerging Markets Index, which had climbed to nearly 20 percent in July 2024, is expected to fall to around 11.2 percent after the latest reshuffle.

Elevated oil prices remain a major concern

Although Brent Crude futures declined nearly 19 percent during May, prices still remain more than 27 percent higher than levels seen before the Iran conflict escalated.

As one of the world’s largest crude importers, India remains highly exposed to rising oil prices, which can increase inflationary pressure and widen the country’s current account deficit.

Analysts said geopolitical uncertainty and energy market volatility have made investors increasingly cautious toward Indian equities.

Foreign investors stay selective

Market participants noted that overseas investors have remained selective toward Indian shares due to valuation concerns, elevated crude prices and the lack of a strong artificial intelligence driven rally in domestic technology stocks compared with global markets.

Heavyweight banking and IT shares added to the pressure, with financial stocks falling 1.2 percent and information technology counters declining 0.9 percent.

Reliance Industries also weighed heavily on the benchmarks after falling 7.7 percent during the month.

Sector-specific moves shape trading

Among notable laggards, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation declined 11.4 percent amid profit booking after a strong rally over the previous months and concerns surrounding delays at key production projects.

ITC Limited slipped 8.9 percent after analysts warned that recent cigarette price hikes could impact demand volumes.

However, certain pockets of the market continued to outperform.

Adani Enterprises surged 22 percent after reports that US authorities had dropped fraud charges against Gautam Adani.

Metal counters also posted gains, with Hindalco Industries and National Aluminum Company rising 8.6 percent and 6.3 percent, respectively, supported by strong domestic demand and concerns over global supply disruptions linked to the Iran conflict.

Benchmarks closed in negative territory in May

Friday’s steep decline dragged both headline indices into the red for the month.

The Nifty finished May down 1.9 percent, while the Sensex lost 2.8 percent over the period.

Broader markets, however, performed relatively better, with midcap and smallcap indices posting gains amid optimism around corporate earnings.

Investors are now expected to closely monitor developments in West Asia, crude oil movements, foreign investment flows, and upcoming domestic economic data for further direction.

German Chancellor Friedrich Merz Seeks to Calm Party Tensions with Revival Pledge

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Friedrich Merz
Friedrich Merz

Friedrich Merz on Wednesday projected confidence in his leadership amid growing political turbulence in Germany, saying the country was capable of charting a fresh path forward despite mounting challenges.

Speaking at a gathering of his Christian Democratic Union party, Merz said he remained fully committed to steering the country through a period of economic and political uncertainty alongside his government.

“Germany has the strength for a new beginning,” he said during the meeting, adding that he was determined to help deliver that transition.

His remarks came as speculation intensified in German political circles over his future, with reports emerging that some within the CDU were informally discussing the possibility of new leadership amid declining approval ratings.

Officials from the chancellery have strongly dismissed the reports, calling the speculation politically irresponsible and warning that such narratives only strengthen the far right.

While there is currently no formal move underway to replace Merz, the discussion has increasingly surfaced in sections of the German media. Several outlets, including Bild, reported this week that conversations around a possible leadership change were taking place among conservative figures within the party.

Any attempt to replace a sitting German chancellor would be highly complicated under the country’s parliamentary system. Since the chancellor must command majority support in the Bundestag, any successor would also require backing from coalition allies.

Merz has repeatedly insisted that his alliance with the Social Democratic Party of Germany remains the only workable route for maintaining political stability. He has also rejected the idea of governing as a minority administration, a scenario that could potentially force reliance on support from the far right.

The coalition government has been attempting to regain momentum through a broad reform agenda covering healthcare, taxation and pensions, with plans to push major changes before the summer. However, tensions between the CDU led bloc and the SPD have slowed progress, while economic pressures linked to the conflict involving Iran have added further strain.

Recent polling has added to concerns within the governing alliance. A Forsa survey published Tuesday showed the CDU bloc at 22 percent support, trailing the far right Alternative for Germany by five percentage points. Support for the SPD has meanwhile remained stagnant at 12 percent since March.

Addressing party members in Arnsberg, located in his home district in western Germany, Merz acknowledged the weight of the position during what he described as a period of deep transformation and instability.

Chandrayaan 2 Offers New Evidence of Ice Hidden Beneath Moon’s Crust

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Scientists analyzing data collected from Chandrayaan-2 have uncovered new signs that ice may exist beneath the Moon’s surface near its South Polar Region. The discovery comes from a detailed study conducted by researchers at Physical Research Laboratory using observations captured by the mission’s Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar system.

The study concentrated on permanently shadowed regions near the lunar south pole. These areas never receive sunlight and are considered some of the coldest locations in the entire solar system. Researchers paid special attention to smaller craters positioned inside larger permanently shadowed craters, which they referred to as “doubly shadowed craters,” according to a release issued by Indian Space Research Organisation.

Extremely cold conditions may preserve ice

Because these craters remain shielded from both sunlight and thermal radiation, temperatures there stay extremely low at nearly 25 Kelvin. Scientists believe such conditions are ideal for preserving water ice over extremely long periods of time.

A key part of the research relied on the Dual Frequency Synthetic Aperture Radar aboard the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter. The instrument, which operates using L and S band microwave frequencies, is the first fully polarimetric synthetic aperture radar developed specifically for lunar exploration.

Using the radar, scientists were able to look beneath the Moon’s surface and study how radar signals reflected back from subsurface layers.

Through advanced radar polarimetric analysis, researchers identified signal patterns that match what would be expected if subsurface ice deposits were present beneath the floors of four doubly shadowed craters in the lunar south polar region.

New radar method could improve ice detection

The research also proposes a more refined radar based approach for identifying underground ice deposits on the Moon.

According to the scientists, Circular Polarization Ratio values above 1 combined with Degree of Polarization values below 0.13 may point towards volumetric scattering caused by buried ice deposits.

The Degree of Polarization is a radar parameter that measures how much of the reflected signal maintains its original polarization after interacting with material on or below the surface. Researchers say this technique helps distinguish genuine ice signatures from reflections caused by rough rocky terrain.

Among the craters analysed during the study, one crater measuring around 1.1 kilometres across inside the larger Faustini crater stood out as the strongest candidate for containing subsurface ice.

Scientists said the conclusion was supported not only by radar data but also by the crater’s unusual lobate rim structure.

A lobate rim morphology refers to a rim shape that appears flow like or segmented into lobes. Researchers believe the crater may have formed when an impact penetrated an underground ice layer, creating the distinctive surface pattern visible today.

Singapore Court Orders Byju Raveendran to Serve Six Months in Jail

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BYJU
BYJU

Byju Raveendran, the founder of embattled edtech firm Byju’s, has been sentenced to six months in prison by a Singapore court after being found guilty of contempt for allegedly failing to follow multiple court directives connected to his financial disclosures and assets, according to a Bloomberg report.

People familiar with the matter said the court ordered Raveendran to surrender before authorities, pay legal expenses amounting to S$90,000, and submit documentation establishing his ownership of Beeaar Investco Pte, a corporate entity linked to shares in another associated company.

The ruling marks the latest legal setback for the once high-flying startup founder, who is simultaneously embroiled in a bitter dispute with lenders in the United States over a troubled $1.2 billion loan. Courts in the US had previously held him in contempt as well, imposing daily penalties over alleged failure to comply with disclosure requirements tied to the case.

Raveendran says settlement discussions are underway

Speaking to HT after the ruling, Byju Raveendran claimed negotiations with lenders and investors were nearing completion and accused certain parties of presenting a distorted narrative around the case.

In a statement issued following the court order, he said an agreement in principle had already been reached, with only a handful of issues remaining unresolved.

“I am disappointed that the recent Singapore court matter has been pursued and reported in a manner that creates a misleading impression about me,” he said, adding that stakeholders involved in the negotiations had acknowledged there was “no wrongdoing” on his or the other founders’ part.

Raveendran further stated that he had intentionally avoided aggressively contesting some proceedings in recent months because efforts were underway to reach a broader resolution.

“I chose resolution over confrontation,” he added.

The rise of Byju’s from a startup success story to a global giant

Byju Raveendran launched Think & Learn Pvt Ltd in 2011 alongside his wife, Divya Gokulnath, after gaining popularity as a mathematics coach for competitive examinations.

The company’s flagship product, branded as Byju’s, rapidly emerged as one of India’s biggest startup success stories. Demand for online education exploded during the Covid 19 pandemic, helping the Bengaluru-based company scale rapidly across global markets.

At its peak in 2022, Byju’s was valued at nearly $22 billion and became the world’s most valuable edtech startup. Backed by major global investors, the company aggressively expanded through acquisitions, buying firms such as Aakash Educational Services, WhiteHat Jr, Great Learning, and Epic.

Raveendran himself became one of India’s most recognizable startup founders during the company’s meteoric rise.

Financial troubles and mounting legal pressure

The rapid expansion was eventually followed by a steep decline. By 2023, concerns around governance, delayed financial reporting, growing losses and aggressive spending had started surfacing publicly.

The company laid off thousands of employees amid a severe funding crunch, while disputes with investors and lenders intensified.

In April 2023, the Enforcement Directorate carried out searches linked to Byju’s and Raveendran over alleged violations of foreign exchange laws. Officials said “incriminating documents and data” were seized during the operation.

The crisis deepened further after Byju’s defaulted on repayments tied to the $1.2 billion US term loan. Lenders accused the company and its founders of hiding funds and failing to comply with court ordered disclosures.

In 2025, a US bankruptcy court imposed civil contempt sanctions against Raveendran over continued non compliance in the ongoing legal battle.

The company also witnessed shareholder disputes, board level exits and insolvency proceedings in India. Its valuation collapsed dramatically from earlier highs, with Raveendran later admitting publicly that the company’s value had effectively dropped to zero.

Singapore proceedings tied to Qatar investor

The Singapore case was reportedly initiated by a subsidiary of Qatar Investment Authority, which had invested in Byju’s during one of its later funding rounds while the company was already restructuring and reducing staff.

Qatar Holdings was represented by law firm Drew & Napier, while Byju’s Investments was represented by Fervent Chambers.

India’s Got Latent Set for Return as Samay Raina Confirms Shoot

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samay raina

Samay Raina had removed every episode of his popular YouTube series India’s Got Latent last year after the show became the centre of a major controversy and faced heavy backlash online. While the sudden takedown disappointed fans, Samay later revealed that the series would be returning for a second season, sparking excitement among viewers. Now, the comedian has dropped another update that has further raised anticipation around the comeback.

Samay Raina confirms Season 2 shoot is underway

On Thursday, Samay Raina shared on Instagram that he was bringing back his favourite chess tournament “for old times’ sake.” Soon after, several fans flooded his DMs asking for updates about the next season of India’s Got Latent instead.

Responding in his signature humorous style, Samay first shared a meme from his stand up special Still Alive before finally revealing a major development.

Posting a behind the scenes image from the sets of India’s Got Latent Season 2, he wrote, “Uski bhi shooting chal rahi hai dostoooo,” confirming that filming for the new season is currently in progress.

The photo featured Samay holding a microphone, while comedian Balraj Ghai stood behind him. The remaining panelists were deliberately hidden from view to maintain suspense, though Aashish Solanki appeared to be partially visible in the frame.

Viral leaked photo had already fuelled speculation

Earlier this month, an alleged image from the sets of Season 2 had already surfaced online and quickly went viral across social media platforms.

The leaked picture reportedly showed actors Alia Bhatt and Sharvari seated on a panel alongside Balraj Ghai and Aashish Solanki. The image led to speculation that the two actors may appear as guest judges in the upcoming season, although neither the stars nor the makers have officially confirmed it yet.

The controversy around India’s Got Latent

Back in February 2025, YouTuber Ranveer Allahbadia appeared on India’s Got Latent with Ashish Chanchlani and Apoorva Mukhija.

During the episode, comments made by Ranveer regarding parents and sex triggered widespread outrage online. Although he later issued a public apology, multiple FIRs were reportedly filed against Ranveer, Samay and the show.

The controversy escalated further after Apoorva Mukhija allegedly received rape and death threats, while Ranveer faced restrictions on uploading podcasts. In the aftermath of the backlash, Samay removed all episodes of the series from YouTube.

In March, the Supreme Court of India allowed Ranveer to resume his podcasts.

Samay later returned in April with his stand up special Still Alive, where he openly spoke about the controversy, the effect it had on his mental health and how his family reacted during the difficult period. During the performance, he officially announced the return of India’s Got Latent Season 2, drawing loud cheers from the audience.

More recently, Samay and Ranveer reunited on The Great Indian Kapil Show during a World Laughter Day special episode, where Navjot Singh Sidhu described Samay as the future of comedy.

Iran Missile Launch at Kuwait Draws Sharp Response from US Military

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iran missile kuwait

Tensions between the United States and Iran escalated sharply on Thursday as both sides carried out fresh strikes in their most serious confrontation since the April ceasefire, deepening concerns over regional stability and the future of peace efforts around the strategically vital Strait of Hormuz.

The latest flare up comes nearly three months into the conflict, with American forces launching another strike on Iranian targets for the second time in a week. Washington said the operation was carried out in self defence after detecting what it described as hostile activity from Iranian forces.

According to two US military officials quoted by the Associated Press, American forces intercepted four Iranian drones and struck a launch site from where a fifth drone was allegedly preparing to take off. The officials, who spoke anonymously, claimed the drones posed a threat to maritime security near the Strait of Hormuz, the crucial trade corridor at the centre of the ongoing conflict.

A separate US official told Reuters that the site targeted by American forces was an Iranian ground control station located in Bandar Abbas.

“These actions were measured, purely defensive, and intended to maintain the ceasefire,” Reuters quoted the official as saying.

Iran, however, said it responded to the American action by targeting a US military facility in the region allegedly linked to the earlier strike. Tehran did not identify the exact base it attacked.

In a statement, Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps said, “Following the pre dawn aggression today by the invading American army against a point on the outskirts of Bandar Abbas Airport using aerial projectiles, the American airbase, as the origin of the aggression, was targeted at 4:50 a.m.”

The IRGC also warned that any future attacks would trigger a “more decisive” response.

Kuwait on alert after missile and drone threat

The situation widened further hours later when air raid sirens sounded across Kuwait amid reports of incoming missile and drone threats.

Kuwait’s armed forces confirmed that air defence systems were actively intercepting hostile aerial targets. Authorities issued a public advisory asking residents to remain calm if they heard explosions, explaining that the sounds were linked to interception operations.

“We call on everyone to adhere to the security and safety instructions issued by the competent authorities,” the military said.

US sanctions Iranian authority overseeing Hormuz

Late Wednesday, the United States also imposed sanctions on Iran’s Persian Gulf Strait Authority, the body established by Tehran to oversee shipping movement through the Strait of Hormuz.

The authority was added to the US Treasury Department’s Specially Designated Nationals list shortly after the latest American strikes on Iranian targets.

Central Board of Secondary Education OSM Disruptions Prompt Action from Centre

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cbse
cbse

Amid the controversy surrounding the Central Board of Secondary Education results process, Union Education Minister Dharmendra Pradhan on Thursday said the board has initiated the Class 12 revaluation process and brought in premier institutions such as the Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur and the Indian Institute of Technology Madras to supervise the On-Screen Marking technology.

He also announced that CBSE has partnered with four public sector banks, including State Bank of India, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, and Canara Bank, to enable integrated payment gateways for the process.

Addressing reporters during a CBSE meeting, Pradhan said the board had engaged top technical agencies to monitor the digital evaluation system.

“CBSE has involved top agencies, including IIT Kanpur and IIT Madras, to oversee the technology. Four PSU banks, including SBI, Indian Bank, Bank of Baroda, and Canara Bank, have integrated payment gateways to support the process,” he said.

The minister admitted that discrepancies had surfaced during the results process and said the government was taking responsibility while assuring corrective action.

“The government acknowledges some discrepancies, accepts responsibility, and promises corrective measures. Officials will ensure that no student query is left unresolved and accountability will be ensured at all levels,” he said.

Pradhan further highlighted the scale of the evaluation exercise, noting that around 17 lakh students appeared for the examinations, generating nearly 98 lakh answer books and close to 40 crore scanned pages.

“For the first time, CBSE has introduced a digital evaluation system aimed at transparency and student-centric reforms. Students can now access scanned answer sheets to verify marks and raise queries. So far, nearly four lakh students have retrieved their answer sheets, covering around 11 lakh copies,” he added.

CBSE defends OSM system

Facing criticism over the On-Screen Marking system, the Central Board of Secondary Education stated in a post on X that the digital evaluation process operates on a secure and robust IT platform.

The board maintained that no compromises or vulnerabilities were found during the actual evaluation process and said answer books had gone through several layers of quality checks and security protocols.

Why the OSM system sparked controversy

CBSE’s newly introduced On-Screen Marking system for Class 12 board exams has drawn criticism following complaints from students over alleged glitches and discrepancies during re-evaluation.

Much of the controversy revolves around claims that some scanned answer sheets uploaded by the board did not appear to match students’ handwriting, raising concerns about possible answer sheet mismatches in the digital process.

What is OSM?

The On-Screen Marking system was introduced for CBSE Class 12 board exams from 2026 onwards. Under the model, students continue writing exams in the traditional format, but answer sheets are digitally scanned and evaluated online instead of through manual checking.

CBSE argues that the system reduces human error and improves transparency by limiting manual intervention.

However, concerns had already been raised by several teachers and school administrators even before the results were declared. Some educators pointed to poor digital infrastructure, connectivity issues, and inadequate training as major challenges in implementing the system smoothly.

Speaking after the results were announced, several principals and teachers said the rollout may have been rushed.

“Many teachers, particularly in government schools, were not sufficiently familiar with the technology. Ideally, OSM should have been implemented next year after wider preparation,” one principal said.

Mumbai Indians Captain Hardik Pandya Deletes Instagram Amid IPL Fallout

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hardik pandya
hardik pandya

Hardik Pandya, India’s star all rounder and Mumbai Indians captain, appears to have deleted or deactivated his Instagram account. Searches for his profile now display a “User not found” message, while his page also shows “This profile is private” with no visible posts.

At times, users attempting to refresh the account are also seeing an additional message stating, “Something went wrong.”

The development comes shortly after Mumbai Indians endured another disappointing Indian Premier League campaign, finishing ninth on the points table.

Hardik remained under heavy scrutiny throughout IPL 2026, with his performances and leadership becoming a major talking point during the season. Speculation over his future also intensified online, with several rumours linking him to a possible move away from Mumbai Indians.

Recently, Hardik sparked fresh chatter after posting a photo featuring the timestamp “07:07” on his phone screen. Fans quickly interpreted it as a cryptic reference to Chennai Super Kings, sending social media into a frenzy over a possible transfer.

Adding to the speculation, veteran spinner Ravichandran Ashwin posted on X: “Pathirana, 07:07 & Stokes!”, a message many believed hinted at transfer discussions involving CSK.

Hardik’s difficult IPL 2026 season

The 2026 season proved challenging for Hardik both as captain and player. In 10 matches, he scored 206 runs while picking up only four wickets with the ball. He also missed a few games due to back spasms.

Notably, the all rounder sat out the two matches immediately after Mumbai Indians were knocked out of playoff contention.

Following Mumbai’s defeat to Rajasthan Royals, Hardik addressed concerns around his fitness and insisted he was doing fine.

“Everything is fine. I bat, I bowl, I field, I skip, so it’s okay,” he had said after the match.

Hardik’s return to Mumbai Indians in 2024 from Gujarat Titans remains one of the biggest talking points in recent IPL history. His appointment as captain in place of Rohit Sharma triggered backlash from sections of Mumbai Indians fans, with the all rounder facing boos at multiple venues during IPL 2024.

Under his leadership, Mumbai Indians finished in the bottom half of the table in both 2024 and 2026. Their only deep playoff run came in 2025, when they reached Qualifier 2 before losing to Punjab Kings led by Shreyas Iyer.

Hardik is next expected to feature in India’s upcoming ODI series against Afghanistan starting June 14, though his participation will depend on receiving fitness clearance from the Centre of Excellence.

France and the United Kingdom Endure Unprecedented May Heat Amid Europe-Wide Heatwave

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UK
UK

Large parts of Europe continued to reel under an intense heatwave on Tuesday, with temperatures climbing to unusually high levels for May and several countries witnessing record breaking conditions.

The extreme weather followed historic highs recorded in both United Kingdom and France earlier this week. In the UK, temperatures touched 35.1 degrees Celsius at Kew Gardens in southwest London, surpassing the previous May record of 34.8 degrees Celsius that had been set at the same location just a day earlier.

France also registered its hottest May day on record for a second consecutive day. Weather authorities warned that the heatwave is expected to continue through the rest of the week, with temperatures in some regions likely to approach 39 degrees Celsius.

Across western Europe, people crowded beaches and public fountains in an attempt to escape the soaring temperatures. In Rome, visitors gathered around the Barcaccia fountain, while in Paris, many sought relief near the water bubblers at Jardin du Palais Royal. Others were seen carrying handheld fans and umbrellas through city streets as the heat intensified.

What is causing the heatwave?

Meteorologists say Europe is currently being affected by a powerful “heat dome” carrying hot air from northern Africa. A high pressure system has trapped this warm air mass over western Europe, causing temperatures to rise far beyond seasonal averages.

French Health Minister Stephanie Rist said the situation had not yet reached emergency levels but cautioned people against underestimating the risks associated with prolonged heat exposure.

Climate scientists have also pointed to human driven climate change as a major factor worsening heatwaves, droughts and other extreme weather events around the world.

Bob Ward from the Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change and the Environment said many parts of Europe are now experiencing Mediterranean style summers without having infrastructure designed to handle such conditions.

Heat linked to deaths and safety concerns

Authorities in France reported at least seven deaths linked to the heatwave, including five drowning incidents. Officials said large numbers of people rushed to lakes, rivers and beaches to cool off, even though lifeguard services in many areas are not scheduled to begin operations until July.

In the United Kingdom, officials confirmed that at least four teenagers had drowned since Sunday amid the hot weather.

The prolonged heat has also prompted some Europeans to reconsider installing air conditioning systems, which have traditionally been less common across the continent.

One London resident, Gurjit Gill, said the nighttime temperatures had become increasingly difficult to manage and that he was now seriously considering purchasing an air conditioning unit for his home.