World Stroke Day: Raising Awareness
World Stroke Day, observed on October 29 each year, serves as a crucial reminder of the impact of stroke worldwide. Stroke is the second leading cause of death and a major contributor to long-term disability. However, there remains a lack of awareness among the public about its symptoms, warning signs, and prevention strategies. This year’s theme, ‘Together we are #Greater Than Stroke,’ underscores the importance of collective action in combating this global health challenge.
The Two Faces of Stroke
Dr. H S Mann, Director of the Department of Neurology at Fortis Hospital Mohali, explains that a stroke occurs when there is a disruption in blood circulation to a part of the brain. There are two main types of stroke:
Ischemic Stroke: This type results from a blockage in a blood vessel, which leads to reduced blood flow and oxygen deprivation in the affected area of the brain.
Haemorrhagic Stroke: In contrast, a haemorrhagic stroke occurs when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing bleeding within the brain.
Both types of stroke are medical emergencies, demanding immediate medical attention to minimize brain cell damage.
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Common Risk Factors
Stroke is often triggered by a range of risk factors, making prevention a critical priority. Dr. Mann highlights the following risk factors:
- Hypertension (High Blood Pressure): Elevated blood pressure significantly increases the risk of stroke.
- Diabetes: Uncontrolled diabetes can lead to vascular damage, making stroke more likely.
- High Cholesterol Levels: High cholesterol contributes to the buildup of plaque in arteries, raising the risk of blockages.
- Obesity: Excess body weight can strain the cardiovascular system, increasing the chances of stroke.
- Smoking: Tobacco use is a major risk factor for stroke.
- Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking can lead to high blood pressure and atrial fibrillation, both associated with stroke.
- Cardiac Conditions: Heart conditions like atrial fibrillation can lead to blood clots, increasing stroke risk.
Recognizing Stroke Symptoms
A survey of public awareness of stroke in five countries in each global region found that around 1in 3 people didn't believe there was anything you could do to avoid a stroke. Let's share the knowledge that with action we can be #GreaterThan stroke #worldstrokeday pic.twitter.com/KEUwgzUBFz
— WorldStrokeCampaign (@WStrokeCampaign) October 25, 2023
Timely recognition of stroke symptoms is crucial. Common signs of a stroke include:
- Loss of Balance: Difficulty maintaining balance or coordination.
- Visual Complaints: Vision problems, such as blurred or double vision.
- Sudden Weakness or Paralysis: Sudden loss of strength or mobility, often affecting one side of the body.
- Speech Difficulty: Difficulty speaking, slurred speech, or trouble understanding speech.
Approximately 20% of stroke cases occur in individuals under the age of 45, emphasizing that stroke is not limited to older populations. Additional risk factors include cardiovascular conditions, arterial dissection, substance abuse, and vasculitis. The immediate treatment, ideally within 4.5 hours, may involve intravenous thrombolysis and, in select cases, mechanical thrombectomy up to 24 hours after the stroke.
Preventing Stroke: The Power of Awareness and Action
Dr. Aman Batish, an associate consultant in neurology, stresses that stroke is preventable in over 80% of cases. Annual screenings for high blood pressure, blood sugar, and cholesterol are essential for individuals above 30. To reduce the risk of stroke, proactive steps include:
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- Quitting Smoking: Tobacco cessation significantly lowers the risk of stroke.
- Maintaining a Healthy Weight: A healthy body weight reduces the strain on the cardiovascular system.
- Healthy Diet: Consuming a low-sodium diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables is beneficial.
- Regular Physical Activity: Engaging in at least 150 minutes of physical activity each week contributes to overall health.
On World Stroke Day, the focus is on spreading awareness and educating individuals about stroke prevention, early recognition, and the importance of timely medical intervention. With collective efforts and knowledge, it’s possible to reduce the impact of stroke and improve public health.
